C++ – How to translate this code from Processing to C++

c++drawing

I wrote this code in Processing (www.processing.org) and was wondering how would one implement it using C++?

int i = 0;

void setup()
{
size(1000,1000);
}

void draw()
{
//  frameRate(120);
  PImage slice = get();
  set(0,20,slice);  

  if( i % 2 == 0 )  fill(128); else fill(0);
  i++;
  rect(0,0,width,20);
}

As you can see this simply scrolls down rectangles of alternating colors as fast as possible. Can the C++ implementation be as short? OpenGL?

Best Solution

You could also take a look at OpenFrameworks but I doubt that any C++ library will give you such a short implementation.

Related Solutions

C++ – How to clear a stringstream variable

For all the standard library types the member function empty() is a query, not a command, i.e. it means "are you empty?" not "please throw away your contents".

The clear() member function is inherited from ios and is used to clear the error state of the stream, e.g. if a file stream has the error state set to eofbit (end-of-file), then calling clear() will set the error state back to goodbit (no error).

For clearing the contents of a stringstream, using:

m.str("");

is correct, although using:

m.str(std::string());

is technically more efficient, because you avoid invoking the std::string constructor that takes const char*. But any compiler these days should be able to generate the same code in both cases - so I would just go with whatever is more readable.

C++ – How to set, clear, and toggle a single bit

Setting a bit

Use the bitwise OR operator (|) to set a bit.

number |= 1UL << n;

That will set the nth bit of number. n should be zero, if you want to set the 1st bit and so on upto n-1, if you want to set the nth bit.

Use 1ULL if number is wider than unsigned long; promotion of 1UL << n doesn't happen until after evaluating 1UL << n where it's undefined behaviour to shift by more than the width of a long. The same applies to all the rest of the examples.

Clearing a bit

Use the bitwise AND operator (&) to clear a bit.

number &= ~(1UL << n);

That will clear the nth bit of number. You must invert the bit string with the bitwise NOT operator (~), then AND it.

Toggling a bit

The XOR operator (^) can be used to toggle a bit.

number ^= 1UL << n;

That will toggle the nth bit of number.

Checking a bit

You didn't ask for this, but I might as well add it.

To check a bit, shift the number n to the right, then bitwise AND it:

bit = (number >> n) & 1U;

That will put the value of the nth bit of number into the variable bit.

Changing the nth bit to x

Setting the nth bit to either 1 or 0 can be achieved with the following on a 2's complement C++ implementation:

number ^= (-x ^ number) & (1UL << n);

Bit n will be set if x is 1, and cleared if x is 0. If x has some other value, you get garbage. x = !!x will booleanize it to 0 or 1.

To make this independent of 2's complement negation behaviour (where -1 has all bits set, unlike on a 1's complement or sign/magnitude C++ implementation), use unsigned negation.

number ^= (-(unsigned long)x ^ number) & (1UL << n);

unsigned long newbit = !!x;    // Also booleanize to force 0 or 1
number ^= (-newbit ^ number) & (1UL << n);

It's generally a good idea to use unsigned types for portable bit manipulation.

number = (number & ~(1UL << n)) | (x << n);

(number & ~(1UL << n)) will clear the nth bit and (x << n) will set the nth bit to x.

It's also generally a good idea to not to copy/paste code in general and so many people use preprocessor macros (like the community wiki answer further down) or some sort of encapsulation.