You should create a header file like
// Constants.h
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const MyFirstConstant;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString *const MySecondConstant;
//etc.
(you can use extern instead of FOUNDATION_EXPORT if your code will not be used in mixed C/C++ environments or on other platforms)
You can include this file in each file that uses the constants or in the pre-compiled header for the project.
You define these constants in a .m file like
// Constants.m
NSString *const MyFirstConstant = @"FirstConstant";
NSString *const MySecondConstant = @"SecondConstant";
Constants.m should be added to your application/framework's target so that it is linked in to the final product.
The advantage of using string constants instead of #define'd constants is that you can test for equality using pointer comparison (stringInstance == MyFirstConstant) which is much faster than string comparison ([stringInstance isEqualToString:MyFirstConstant]) (and easier to read, IMO).
The Homebrew package manager includes launchctl plists to start automatically. For more information, run brew info postgres.
Start manually
pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres start
Stop manually
pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres stop
Start automatically
"To have launchd start postgresql now and restart at login:"
brew services start postgresql
What is the result of pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres -l /usr/local/var/postgres/server.log start?
What is the result of pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres status?
Are there any error messages in the server.log?
Make sure tcp localhost connections are enabled in pg_hba.conf:
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust
Check the listen_addresses and port in postgresql.conf:
egrep 'listen|port' /usr/local/var/postgres/postgresql.conf
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # What IP address(es) to listen on;
#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)
Cleaning up
PostgreSQL was most likely installed via Homebrew, Fink, MacPorts or the EnterpriseDB installer.
Check the output of the following commands to determine which package manager it was installed with:
brew && brew list|grep postgres
fink && fink list|grep postgres
port && port installed|grep postgres
Best Solution
To add what @Zydeco wrote,
@protocols in Objective-C didn't have@optionalattributes before 10.5. So, Apple couldn't use@protocolto define what are the delegate methods, because the delegate objects choose to implement only a part of delegate methods. Apple used something called an informal protocol in those olden days, which were justNSObjectcategories.Now that they introduced the way to mark some methods as
@optionalin a@protocol, they decided to make every delegate a formal protocol in 10.6. This way there can be more compile-time checking. But the functionality has not changed.See the official documentation on the protocols for more info.