Why are there braces but no semicolons? And why can't I put the opening brace on the next line?
Go uses brace brackets for statement grouping, a syntax familiar to programmers who have worked with any language in the C family. Semicolons, however, are for parsers, not for people, and we wanted to eliminate them as much as possible. To achieve this goal, Go borrows a trick from BCPL: the semicolons that separate statements are in the formal grammar but are injected automatically, without lookahead, by the lexer at the end of any line that could be the end of a statement. This works very well in practice but has the effect that it forces a brace style. For instance, the opening brace of a function cannot appear on a line by itself.
http://golang.org/doc/faq#semicolons
Curly braces create dictionaries or sets. Square brackets create lists.
They are called literals; a set literal:
aset = {'foo', 'bar'}
or a dictionary literal:
adict = {'foo': 42, 'bar': 81}
empty_dict = {}
or a list literal:
alist = ['foo', 'bar', 'bar']
empty_list = []
To create an empty set, you can only use set()
.
Sets are collections of unique elements and you cannot order them. Lists are ordered sequences of elements, and values can be repeated. Dictionaries map keys to values, keys must be unique. Set and dictionary keys must meet other restrictions as well, so that Python can actually keep track of them efficiently and know they are and will remain unique.
There is also the tuple
type, using a comma for 1 or more elements, with parenthesis being optional in many contexts:
atuple = ('foo', 'bar')
another_tuple = 'spam',
empty_tuple = ()
WARNING_not_a_tuple = ('eggs')
Note the comma in the another_tuple
definition; it is that comma that makes it a tuple
, not the parenthesis. WARNING_not_a_tuple
is not a tuple, it has no comma. Without the parentheses all you have left is a string, instead.
See the data structures chapter of the Python tutorial for more details; lists are introduced in the introduction chapter.
Literals for containers such as these are also called displays and the syntax allows for procedural creation of the contents based of looping, called comprehensions.
Best Solution
Google C++ Style Guide suggests
WebKit Coding Style Guidelines suggests
They suggest braces-on-same-line for everything else, though.
GNU Coding Standards suggests
As you can see, everybody has their own opinions. Personally, I prefer the Perl-ish braces-on-same-line-except-for-
else
, but as long as everybody working on the code can cooperate, it really doesn't matter.