My project is using Spring 3.2 and Struts2 (both using annotations). I am configuring Spring through Java. When I try to inject a service into an action, I get the following error from Struts2:
No qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as
autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}Could not autowire field: private com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService
com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction.userService; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No
qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for
dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}Error creating bean with name 'com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not
autowire field: private com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService
com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction.userService; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No
qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for
dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}Unable to instantiate Action, com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction, defined for 'login' in namespace '/Login'Error creating bean with name
'com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction': Injection of autowired
dependencies failed; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not
autowire field: private com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService
com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction.userService; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No
qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for
dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
Here is the Stacktrace:
Unable to instantiate Action, com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction,
defined for 'login' in namespace '/Login'Error creating bean with name
'com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction': Injection of autowired
dependencies failed; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not
autowire field: private com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService
com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction.userService; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No
qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for
dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.createAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:316) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.init(DefaultActionInvocation.java:397) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:194) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:536) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.wrapRun(WebAppServletContext.java:3715) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3681) weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321) weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(SecurityManager.java:120) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2277) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2183) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1454) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:209) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:178) org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction': Injection
of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not
autowire field: private com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService
com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction.userService; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No
qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for
dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:376) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.autoWireBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:203) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:183) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:154) com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildBean(ObjectFactory.java:151) com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildAction(ObjectFactory.java:121) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.createAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:297) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.init(DefaultActionInvocation.java:397) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:194) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:536) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.wrapRun(WebAppServletContext.java:3715) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3681) weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321) weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(SecurityManager.java:120) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2277) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2183) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1454) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:209) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:178) org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService
com.ceiwc.mvc.action.LoginAction.userService; nested exception is
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No
qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found for
dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:514) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:376) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.autoWireBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:203) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:183) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:154) com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildBean(ObjectFactory.java:151) com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildAction(ObjectFactory.java:121) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.createAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:297) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.init(DefaultActionInvocation.java:397) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:194) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:536) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.wrapRun(WebAppServletContext.java:3715) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3681) weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321) weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(SecurityManager.java:120) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2277) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2183) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1454) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:209) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:178) org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.ceiwc.mvc.service.IUserService] found
for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire
candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations:
{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:986) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:856) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:768) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:376) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.autoWireBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:203) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:183) com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.buildBean(SpringObjectFactory.java:154) com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildBean(ObjectFactory.java:151) com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory.buildAction(ObjectFactory.java:121) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.createAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:297) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.init(DefaultActionInvocation.java:397) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxy.prepare(DefaultActionProxy.java:194) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.prepare(StrutsActionProxy.java:63) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(StrutsActionProxyFactory.java:39) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory.createActionProxy(DefaultActionProxyFactory.java:58) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:536) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91) weblogic.servlet.internal.FilterChainImpl.doFilter(FilterChainImpl.java:56) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.wrapRun(WebAppServletContext.java:3715) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext$ServletInvocationAction.run(WebAppServletContext.java:3681) weblogic.security.acl.internal.AuthenticatedSubject.doAs(AuthenticatedSubject.java:321) weblogic.security.service.SecurityManager.runAs(SecurityManager.java:120) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.securedExecute(WebAppServletContext.java:2277) weblogic.servlet.internal.WebAppServletContext.execute(WebAppServletContext.java:2183) weblogic.servlet.internal.ServletRequestImpl.run(ServletRequestImpl.java:1454) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.execute(ExecuteThread.java:209) weblogic.work.ExecuteThread.run(ExecuteThread.java:178)
Here is the Java configuration for Spring:
@Configuration
@ImportResource({ "/WEB-INF/spring/spring-config.xml" })
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.ceiwc")
public class ApplicationConfig {
}
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@Import(ApplicationConfig.class)
@PropertySource({ "classpath:db.properties" })
public class DataConfig {
@Autowired
Environment environment;
@Bean
public DriverManagerDataSource dataSource() {
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(environment.getProperty("db.driver"));
dataSource.setUrl(environment.getProperty("db.url"));
dataSource.setUsername(environment.getProperty("db.username"));
dataSource.setPassword(environment.getProperty("db.password"));
return dataSource;
}
@Bean
public JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter() {
EclipseLinkJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new EclipseLinkJpaVendorAdapter();
vendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.ORACLE);
vendorAdapter.setShowSql(true);
return vendorAdapter;
}
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean() {
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(new String[] { environment
.getProperty("db.packagesToScan") });
entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter());
return entityManagerFactoryBean;
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactoryBean()
.getObject());
return transactionManager;
}
@Bean
public PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor exceptionTranslation() {
return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();
}
}
Here is my DAO:
public interface IUserDao extends IGenericDao<User> {
public User findUserByUsernameAndPassword(String username, String password);
}
@Repository("userDAO")
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
public class UserDaoImpl extends GenericDaoImpl<User> implements IUserDao {
@Override
public User findUserByUsernameAndPassword(String username, String password) {
Query query = getEntityManager()
.createNativeQuery(
"Select u From User Where username = :username And password = :password");
query.setParameter("username", username);
query.setParameter("password", password);
return (User) query.getSingleResult();
}
}
Here is my Service:
public interface IUserService {
public User validateUser(String username, String password);
}
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Autowired
private IUserDao userDao;
@Override
public User validateUser(String username, String password) {
return userDao.findUserByUsernameAndPassword(username, password);
}
}
Here is my action:
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Namespace("/Login")
@Component
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
private User user;
private String updateFlag;
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@Action(value = "login", results = { @Result(name = "success", location = "/pages/login/login.jsp") })
public String login() {
updateFlag = "Y";
return SUCCESS;
}
@Action(value = "validate", results = {
@Result(name = "success", location = "/pages/menu/index.jsp"),
@Result(name = "login", location = "/pages/login/login.jsp") })
public String validateUser() {
if (updateFlag == null) {
return LOGIN;
}
if (userService.validateUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword()) == null) {
addActionError("You are an invalid user");
return LOGIN;
}
// TODO: Add session aware info
return SUCCESS;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String getUpdateFlag() {
return updateFlag;
}
public void setUpdateFlag(String updateFlag) {
this.updateFlag = updateFlag;
}
public IUserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
}
Here is my web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>menuAdministration</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- Helps with wiring the application together -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- Needed to manage the Java based @Configuration classes for Spring -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextClass</param-name>
<param-value>
org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>com.ceic.config</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Handles Strut2 URL requests -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
What am I missing? I have the @Component
, @Service
and @Repository
stereotypes. So, I'm not understanding why Spring can't find my bean for injection.
Best Answer
I've found two solutions to this problem.
contextConfigLocation
was set properly.These two steps solved this problem.