Sql – choose hiredate between ’20-FEB-81′ AND ’01-MAY-81′

oraclesqlsqlplus

I want the names of the employees, job, hiredate between '20-FEB-81' AND '01-MAY-81', and in ascending order

query I ran with error

SQL> select ename, job, hiredate where hiredate between '20-FEB-81' AND '01-MAY-81'   from emp;
select ename, job, hiredate where hiredate between '20-FEB-81' AND '01-MAY-81' from emp
                        *
 ERROR at line 1:
 ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected


 SQL>

My table
SQL> select empno, ename, job, hiredate, sal from emp;

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB       HIREDATE         SAL
 ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
  7839 KING       PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81       5000
  7698 BLAKE      MANAGER   01-MAY-81       2850
  7782 CLARK      MANAGER   09-JUN-81       2450
  7566 JONES      MANAGER   02-APR-81       2975
  7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN  28-SEP-81       1250
  7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN  20-FEB-81       1600
  7844 TURNER     SALESMAN  08-SEP-81       1500
  7900 JAMES      CLERK     03-DEC-81        950
  7521 WARD       SALESMAN  22-FEB-81       1250
  7902 FORD       ANALYST   03-DEC-81       3000
  7369 SMITH      CLERK     17-DEC-80        800

 EMPNO ENAME      JOB       HIREDATE         SAL
 ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ----------
  7788 SCOTT      ANALYST   09-DEC-82       3000
  7876 ADAMS      CLERK     12-JAN-83       1100
  7934 MILLER     CLERK     23-JAN-82       1300

 14 rows selected.

 SQL>

Best Solution

The WHERE part goes after the FROM part.

select ename, job, hiredate 
from emp
where hiredate between '20-FEB-81' AND '01-MAY-81'

Note that your date literals may not always work if the NLS settings change. It is highly recommended to use to_date() instead.

select ename, job, hiredate 
from emp
where hiredate between to_date('20-FEB-81', 'DD-MON-RR') AND to_date('01-MAY-81', 'DD-MON-RR')

But this is still subject to language settings problems, better not use month names at all:

select ename, job, hiredate 
from emp
where hiredate between to_date('20-02-81', 'DD-MM-RR') AND to_date('01-05-81', 'DD-MM-RR')

Related Solutions

Sql – the difference between “INNER JOIN” and “OUTER JOIN”

Assuming you're joining on columns with no duplicates, which is a very common case:

An inner join of A and B gives the result of A intersect B, i.e. the inner part of a Venn diagram intersection.
An outer join of A and B gives the results of A union B, i.e. the outer parts of a Venn diagram union.

Examples

Suppose you have two tables, with a single column each, and data as follows:

Note that (1,2) are unique to A, (3,4) are common, and (5,6) are unique to B.

Inner join

An inner join using either of the equivalent queries gives the intersection of the two tables, i.e. the two rows they have in common.

select * from a INNER JOIN b on a.a = b.b;
select a.*, b.*  from a,b where a.a = b.b;

a | b
--+--
3 | 3
4 | 4

Left outer join

A left outer join will give all rows in A, plus any common rows in B.

select * from a LEFT OUTER JOIN b on a.a = b.b;
select a.*, b.*  from a,b where a.a = b.b(+);

a |  b
--+-----
1 | null
2 | null
3 |    3
4 |    4

Right outer join

A right outer join will give all rows in B, plus any common rows in A.

select * from a RIGHT OUTER JOIN b on a.a = b.b;
select a.*, b.*  from a,b where a.a(+) = b.b;

a    |  b
-----+----
3    |  3
4    |  4
null |  5
null |  6

Full outer join

A full outer join will give you the union of A and B, i.e. all the rows in A and all the rows in B. If something in A doesn't have a corresponding datum in B, then the B portion is null, and vice versa.

select * from a FULL OUTER JOIN b on a.a = b.b;

 a   |  b
-----+-----
   1 | null
   2 | null
   3 |    3
   4 |    4
null |    6
null |    5

Sql – the difference between UNION and UNION ALL

UNION removes duplicate records (where all columns in the results are the same), UNION ALL does not.

There is a performance hit when using UNION instead of UNION ALL, since the database server must do additional work to remove the duplicate rows, but usually you do not want the duplicates (especially when developing reports).

To identify duplicates, records must be comparable types as well as compatible types. This will depend on the SQL system. For example the system may truncate all long text fields to make short text fields for comparison (MS Jet), or may refuse to compare binary fields (ORACLE)

UNION Example:

SELECT 'foo' AS bar UNION SELECT 'foo' AS bar

Result:

+-----+
| bar |
+-----+
| foo |
+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

UNION ALL example:

SELECT 'foo' AS bar UNION ALL SELECT 'foo' AS bar